My Chemistry🍶🌡❄💉💊

GENERAL OVERVIEW First of all we have to know that everything in the universe is in motion .It seems to be odd , for example a stone lying on a road seems to be stationary but this is not so. At macroscopic level (observable with naked eyes) that stone was found to be motionless but actualy that is not reality. At molecular level , molecules of stone are in motion like vibrational , rotational motion  and so other. This is true. Black body radiation :- Since all the matters around us are in motion , and one of them is vibrational motion of the particles of which they are composed of . This vibrational motion causes the emission of radiation. At low temperature the radiations are of low frequency but as the temperature increases frequency increases. Even with the higher frequency, the radiation of lower frequency were also emits out . This happens only in case of solid material which emits continuous range of frequency's radiation. In case of gases the nature of radiation

Now this is the time to learn another 10 amino acids. THIS TIME ONLY BY CHANGING 'R' WE GET ALL OTHER AMINO ACIDS. So lets start: AROMATIC  REMEMBER ; All  aromatic amino acid's  name starts with sounds "ty" except phenylalanine which has itself a word "phenyl" which indicates aromatc amino acid. 1. PHENYLALANINE :- It is a phenyl derivative of ALANINE.  It has R =  -CH 2 C 6 H 5 2. TYROSINE               :- It is a phenol derivative of ALANINE it has R = -CH 2 C 6 H 4 OH 3. TRYPTOPHANE      :- It is a indole derivative of Glycine . It has R as Indole group     BASIC REMEMBER ; All  basic amino acids  have 3 carbon as side chain except LYSINE whose name suggest that he is LIER ( LYSINE has 4 carbon as side chain). 1. HISTIDINE :- It has R = imidazole ring as a side chain. 2. LYSINE       :- As mentioned above that this molecule is a lier. It has R = n-butylamine. 3. ARGININE  :- This has R = 3 carbon straight chain + gu

Let us visualise the given below classification on the basis of 6+2+2 and 3+3+2+2 rule ALIPHATIC GROUP 1. GLYCINE :- simplest amino acid 2. ALANINE :- methyl group attached to alpha carbon of GLYCINE. 3. VALINE :-  V for valine have flipped 'V' on alanine. 4. LEUCINE :- Extra carbon attached to VALINE 5. ISOLEUCINE :- isomer of leucine as name suggest 'iso'+'leucine' = isomer of leucine. 6. PROLINE:- follow given step to remember structure of proline draw a five membered ring replace one carbon by nitrogen atom assign COOH group adjacent to nitrogen                   And this is the final structure of PROLINE FROM NOW MOST OF THE AMINO ACIDS ARE THE DERIVATIVES OF ALANINE ACIDIC (2) 1. Aspartic acid :-  -COOH group attached to ALANINE 2. Glutamic acid :- Extra carbon attached to ASPARTIC ACID as similar to valine and leucine                                                            

                                        This pKa is something related to equilibrium constant, how let see.  Let us consider the following reaction             A   +   B     ⇋   C   +   D                                           in the above reaction initially some of A and B reacts to form C and D as products (In this reaction remember all the A and B are not converted to C and D).When the amount of C and D reaches a particular conentration the reaction goes to backward direction with the same rate as the forward reaction goes on. In these types of reaction the composition of reaction mixture remains constant in a particular physical conditions. For the above reaction:-              equlibrium constant  , Keq = [A][B]/[C][D]     A],[B],[C],[D] are the concentrations of A,B,C and D respectively. If there is a reaction is in equilibrium involving acid in water then:                AH  +  H 2 O    ⇋    A -    +  H 3 O +     ...................(eq 1)  For this the equilib

Upto now we have learnt some basic concepts behind NMR method.  (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Now we will discuss how this NMR method helps in elucidation of molecular structure.  We also know that this method tells about the environment around  an atom in a molecule. Let us take a example of ethanol, In a same external magnetic field all the nuclei of hydrogen atom in ethanol must have to be precessed with equal precessional frequency but in real this is not happened. And this become a boon for NMR to detect difference between those hydrogen atoms positions in a molecule. Why all nucleus of a same atom do not precess with same frequency? The solution is that precession of a proton is depend on the external magnetic field , but inspite of same external magnetic field this difference is caused due to the shielding of valence electron around the nucleus in an atom.  Electron being a charge particle when moves around a nucleus creates its own magnetic which become a

So lets start from a very basic. Each atom consists of a nucleus and that is very specific to each atom (no two atoms can have same nuclear arrangement). This nucleus is always in spinning motion like a top. This motion of nucleus generate magnetic field because nucleus(contains proton) possesses electric charge and each moving charged species generate the magnetic field . Difference between spinning and precessional motion:-                  Spinning                                                                 Precession                                      Simple nucleus is always spinning on its axis.  But when this nucleus comes under the external magnetic field, it shows precessional motion as with spinning .  this is spinning as well as precessing This external magnetic field causes the nucleus to adopt two orientations (like bar magnet oriented with earth's magnetic field)one is higher in energy(opposed) and other is in lower one(aligned).